Stages of work on the essay

Writing an essay is a type of independent work of students in the study of the discipline "Psychology and Pedagogy". This type of learning activity is aimed at a deeper study of a particular topic. In the process of working on the abstract improve research skills, expand the scientific horizons of students.

To ensure that the writing of the abstract did not turn into a formal matter, the student must remember that the essay is written not for the teacher, and for self-development, that is, for their own benefit.

Work on the essay is carried out in five stages.

Stage 1 - selection of the topic. The topic is chosen taking into account the approximate list of topics offered by the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology. Students are encouraged to choose a topic whose number corresponds to the last two digits in the number of academic record book.

By agreement with the teacher is allowed independent formulation of the theme of the essay, taking into account cognitive, personal and professional interests, as well as opportunities for the student.

Stage 2 - selection of literature. Performance of the abstract assumes familiarization of the student with scientific psychological and pedagogical literature on the chosen topic. As sources of necessary information are monographs, articles, textbooks and manuals. To write an essay on the discipline of "Psychology and Pedagogy" you must use four or five primary sources, which includes no more than one title of a textbook. It is advisable to begin the search for sources by studying the list of recommended literature, given in paragraph 6 of this manual.

Stage 3 - work with literature. It is better to begin the study of the material from a textbook or study guide. This will allow you to orient yourself in the broad problem field devoted to the chosen topic, to identify generally accepted in the modern scientific psychological and pedagogical community of ideas related to this topic clarify the most important concepts and terms. Then you can move on to the study of literature, directly reflecting the problems of the essay.

While reading, it is desirable to outline the text. The abstract is a brief record of what you have read. It captures the main judgments and conclusions of the author. In the margins of the notes sheet, it is useful to make your own notes to facilitate further work on the processing and systematization of information.

Stage 4 - analysis, processing and systematization of information. Analysis of the material you have read allows you to emphasize the main point, formulate the main blocks of meaning, and write down the contents of these blocks in your own words.

When comparing the approaches of different authors to the problem, it is advisable to make a comparative-comparison table, which records both the coinciding views of scientists and the areas of their disagreement.

When working on the topic it is necessary to take into account its specificity. Thus. part of a gem assumes the analysis of only one psychological phenomenon or phenomenon. Such topics include, for example, "The Personality: The Basic Stages and Mechanisms of Development," "The Nature of Consciousness," "Illusions of Perception," etc. A number of topics require consideration of psychological phenomena and properties in their interrelation. For example, "Thinking and Motivation," "Temperament and Character and the Like. The professional orientation of some of the offered themes requires reflection of psychological and pedagogical knowledge through the prism of the specificity of professional activity. For example, "Professional Thinking" (on the example of his specialty), "Personnel Training as a Pedagogical Problem".

The 5th stage - development of the plan of the essay. On the basis of the selected and analyzed material the plan of the abstract is developed, which reflects the structure of the work. The generally accepted structure of the abstract is as follows:

1. Introduction.

2. the main part.

3. Conclusion.

4. Bibliography list.

6th stage - writing an essay. The text of the abstract is written in accordance with the developed plan.

The conclusion summarizes and contains the conclusions reached by the author as a result of his own review of the literature. The volume of this part of the abstract is not more than one page.